Austronesian language spoken on the Talaud Islands
Talaud |
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Native to | Indonesia |
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Region | Talaud Islands, North Sulawesi, Talaud Islands |
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Native speakers | 82,000 (2000 census)[1] |
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Language family | |
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Dialects | |
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Language codes |
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ISO 639-3 | tld |
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Glottolog | tala1285 |
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4°07′N 126°48′E / 4.12°N 126.80°E / 4.12; 126.80 |
Talaud is an Austronesian language spoken on the Talaud Islands north of Sulawesi, Indonesia. There are 2 dialects, namely Lami dialect which is spoken on Miangas, Nanusa Islands, and Esang in the northern part of Karakelang Island; Tirawata dialect is used in Lirung, Kabaruan, and the southern part of Karakelang Island.[2]
Miangas is actually a subdialect, but more different from its main dialect, Lami.[2]
Phonology
Consonants
- /tʃ/ can be heard as a palatal stop [c], depending on the dialect.
- The velar fricative sound /ɣ/ may also be pronounced as voiceless [x].
Vowels
References
- ^ Talaud at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ a b Kembuan, L.D.; Sampouw, T.; Inkiriwang, J.; Terok, D.; Roring, M. (1986). Struktur Dialek Miangas (PDF) (in Indonesian) (1 ed.). Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
Further reading
- Bawole, G. (1981). Struktur Bahasa Talaud (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departmen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan – via Laboratorium Kebinekaan Bahasa dan Sastra.
- Utsumi, Atsuko (2013). "Talaud Verbs: Paradigm of Basic Verbs". Tokyo University Linguistic Papers. 33: 319–361. doi:10.15083/00027520.
- Utsumi, Atsuko (2016). "A Dialectal Study of Talaud: Dialectal Classification and a Comparative Word List". Bulletin of Meisei University. Department of Japanese and Comparative Culture, School of Humanities. 24: 163(37)–135(70).
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Philippine (linkage) ? | |
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Greater Barito * | |
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Greater North Borneo * | |
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Sumatran * | Northwest Sumatra –Barrier Islands | |
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Lampungic | |
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Javanese | |
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Madurese | |
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Bali–Sasak –Sumbawa | |
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Celebic | |
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South Sulawesi | |
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Isolates | |
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SHWNG | |
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Oceanic | Admiralty | |
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Saint Matthias | |
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Temotu | |
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Southeast Solomonic | Gela–Guadalcanal | |
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Malaita– San Cristobal | |
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Western Oceanic | Meso– Melanesian | Willaumez | |
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Bali-Vitu | |
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New Ireland– Northwest Solomonic | Tungag–Nalik | |
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Tabar | |
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Madak | |
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St. George | |
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Northwest Solomonic | |
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North New Guinea | |
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Papuan Tip | Nuclear | |
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Kilivila–Misima | |
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Nimoa–Sudest | |
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Southern Oceanic | North Vanuatu | |
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Nuclear Southern Oceanic | Central Vanuatu | |
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South Vanuatu | |
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Loyalties– New Caledonia | Loyalty Islands | |
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New Caledonian | |
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Micronesian | |
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Central Pacific | |
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- * indicates proposed status
- ? indicates classification dispute
- † indicates extinct status
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